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artifact – something created by humans, usually for a practical purpose

backcountry – a remote, undeveloped area

barrier – something that blocks a passage or movement

carnivore – flesh-eating mammals such as dogs, foxes, bears, raccoons, and cats

Chief Dan George – actor and chief of the Salish Band in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia. He was born “Geswanouth Slahoot,” on July 24, 1899, in North Vancouver, British Columbia and died September 23, 1981, in Vancouver British Columbia.

Chief Joseph – (1840 – September 21, 1904) Nez Perce Chief, humanitarian, and peacemaker

chisel – a metal tool with a sharpened edge at one end used to chip, carve, or cut into a solid material such as wood, stone, or metal

cliché – something that has become overly familiar or commonplace

compensation – to offset an undesired effect. In this eTrip, payment is made for the loss of livestock due to wolf predation.

composure – a calm appearance

conservation – the planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect

contiguous – touching along a boundary or at a point

controversy – a discussion in which opposing views are expressed

ecology – a branch of science concerned with the interrelationships of organisms and their environment

endangered species – a species threatened with extinction

Eurasia – name given to Asia & Europe as one continent

exhibit – something shown publicly

extinction – the act of no longer existing

fire ring – an iron ring, a circle of rocks, or a shallow pit used to contain a camp fire

gray wolf – Canis lupus—the largest wild dog. It is distinguished from coyotes and domestic dogs by its larger body size, large nose pad, relatively shorter ears, and a tail usually held horizontally (not down) when running.

habitat – the place or environment where a plant or animal naturally lives and grows

habituation – decrease in responsiveness resulting from repeated exposure to a stimulus. In this case, the repeated exposure to humans (stimulus) make wolves less fearful (decreased responsiveness) of humans.

indulgent – to yield to the desire of

instinctively – people or animals reacting naturally

inventory – a list of goods/items on hand

keystone species – a species that has a key role in an ecosystem, affecting many other species, and whose removal leads to a series of extinctions within the ecosystem

legend – a story coming down from the past

lodgepole pine – a tall straight pine (P. contorta variety latifolia syn. P. murrayana) with thin and little furrowed bark and soft weak fine-grained lightweight wood. In Yellowstone National Park, lodgepole pine dominates more than 80% of the park’s forested area.

maneuvering – making a series of changes in direction and position for a specific purpose

meandering – following a winding or intricate course

miacid – Miacidae (Latin) – extinct family of early carnivores that lived in North America during early Tertiary time. Miacids gave rise to the living dogs, bears, skunks, mongooses, cats, and hyenas.

Native American – a member of any of the aboriginal peoples of the Western Hemisphere except usually the Eskimos, especially an American Indian of North America and the United States

pack – a group of animals that live and/or hunt together

poacher – someone who kills or takes wild animals illegally

recitation – the act of reading or repeating aloud, especially publicly

rummaging – making a thorough search

second-generation – In this eTrip, the grandfather and the great-grandfather were both park rangers but were born and worked a generation apart (a period of about 30 years). “Grandpa” is said to be a second-generation park ranger.

stanza – a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines arranged in a usually recurring pattern of meter and rhyme

territory – an area that is occupied and defended by an animal or group of animals. A territory often includes a nesting or denning site and a variable foraging range.

trust – property settled or held in trust. In this case, the trust fund is money held in interest-bearing accounts in order to provide future payment.

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