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National Science Teaching Standards Partners
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NS.5-8.1 Science as Inquiry
As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop
• Understandings about scientific inquiry

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NS.5-8.4 Earth and Space Silence
As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of
• Structure of the Earth System
• Earth's history

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NS.5-8.5 Science and Technology
As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop
• Understandings about science and technology

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NS.5-8.6 Personal and Social Perspectives
As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of
• Populations, resources, and environments
• Natural hazards

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NS.5-8.7 History and Nature of Science
As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop an understanding of
• Science as a human endeavor
• Nature of science
• History of science

National Mathematics Teaching Standards
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NM-DATA.6-8.1
Formulate questions that can be addressed with data and collect, organize, and display relevant data to answer
• Formulate questions, design studies, and collect data about a characteristic shared by two populations or different characteristics within one population

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NM-DATA.6-8.3
Develop and evaluate inferences and predictions that are based on data
• Use observations about differences between two or more samples to make conjectures about the populations from which the samples were taken

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NM-NUM.6-8.2
Understand meanings of operations and how they relate to one another
• Understand the meaning and effects of arithmetic operations with fractions, decimals, and integers

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NM-NUM.6-8.3
Compute fluently and make reasonable estimates
• Select appropriate methods and tools for computing with fractions and decimals from among mental computation, estimation, calculators or computers, and paper and pencil, depending on the situation, and apply the selected methods

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Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to
NM-PROB.PK-12.1: Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving
NM-PROB.PK-12.2: Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts
NM-PROB.PK-12.4: Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving

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Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to
NM-PROB.CONN.PK-12.1: Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas
NM-PROB.CONN.PK-12.3: Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics

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Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade 12 should enable all students to
NM-PROB.REB.PK-12.1: Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas
NM-PROB.REB.PK-12.2: Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems



National Technology Teaching Standards
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NT.K-12.1 Basic Operations and Concepts
• Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems.
• Students are proficient in the use of technology.

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NT.K-12.2 Social, Ethical, and Human Issues
• Students practice responsible use of technology systems, information,
and software.
• Students develop positive attitudes toward technology uses that support lifelong learning, collaboration, personal pursuits, and productivity.

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NT.K-12.3 Technology Productivity Tools
• Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity.
• Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology-enhanced models, prepare publications, and produce other creative works.

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NT.K-12.4 Technology Communication Tools
• Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity.

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NT.K-12.5 Technology Research Skills
• Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources.
• Students use technology tools to process data and report results.
• Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness for specific tasks.


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NA-VA.5-8.1 Understanding and Applying Media, Techniques, and Processes
• Students select media, techniques, and processes; analyze what makes them effective or not effective in communicating ideas; and reflect upon the effectiveness of their choices.
• Students intentionally take advantage of the qualities and characteristics of art media, techniques, and processes to enhance communication of their experiences and ideas.

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NA-VA.5-8.2 Using Knowledge of Structure and Functions
• Students generalize about the effects of visual structures and functions and reflect upon these effects in their own work.
• Students employ organizational structures and analyze what makes them effective or not effective in the communication of ideas.
• Students select and use the qualities of structures and functions of art to improve communication of their ideas.
• Students select and use the quality and structure of functions of art to improve communication of their ideas.

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NA-VA.5-8.6-Making Connections between Visual Arts and Other Disciplines
• Students describe ways in which the principles and subject matter of other disciplines taught in school are interrelated with the visual arts.

National Language Arts Teaching Standards
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NL-ENG.K-12.1 Reading for Perspective
Students read a wide range of print and non-print texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works.

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NL-ENG.K-12.3 Evaluation Strategies
Students apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, and appreciate texts. They draw on their prior experience, their interactions with other readers and writers, their knowledge of word meaning and of other texts, their word identification strategies, and their understanding of textual features (e.g., sound-letter correspondence, sentence structure, context, graphics).

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NL-ENG.K-12.6 Applying Knowledge
Students apply knowledge of language structure, language conventions (e.g., spelling and punctuation), media techniques, figurative language, and genre to create, critique, and discuss print and nonprint texts.

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NL-ENG.K-12.7 Evaluating Data
Students conduct research on issues and interests by generating ideas and questions, and by posing problems. They gather, evaluate, and synthesize data from a variety of sources (e.g., print and nonprint texts, artifacts, people) to communicate their discoveries in ways that suit their purpose and audience.

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NL-ENG.K-12.8 Developing Research Skills
Students use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge.

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NL-ENG.K-12.12 Applying Language Skills
Students use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning, enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information).


National Social Studies Standards
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NSS.USH.5-12.6 The Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900)
As a result of activities in grades K-12, all students should
• Understand massive immigration after 1870 and how new social patterns, conflicts, and ideas of national unity developed amid growing cultural diversity.

National Science Foundation logo. Visit the NSF website.
This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.0307709
Yellowstone Park Foundation logo. Visit the Foundation's website.
Funding for this trip was provided by generous grants to the Yellowstone Park Foundation.